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In June 2002, a managing director of an "active investor" hedge fund is considering the possible gains from increasing the debt capitalization of The Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company. Wrigley has been conservatively financed, and at the date of the case, carries no debt. The tasks for the student are to: ?Estimate the potential change in value from re-levering Wrigley using adjusted present value analysis; ?Assess the impact on weighted average cost of capital, earnings per share, the credit rating of the firm, and voting control of the Wrigley family; ?Consider the merits of dividend or share repurchase as a means of returning cash to shareholders. The central teaching objective of the case is to explore the financial effects of capital structure change. Key here is the trade-off between the tax benefits of debt and the associated costs in the form of financial distress and loss of flexibility. Related issues include signaling to investors, clientele effects (control considerations for the Wrigley family), and incentives created for directors and managers. Finally, the case affords a comparison of dividends and share repurchases.